Elastic modulus measures ceramic stiffness, not failure strength. High modulus improves dimensional rigidity but can increase thermal or assembly stress when movement is constrained. Joint design and support condition must therefore match the brittle, stiff nature of ceramic.

The coefficient of thermal expansion is critical for thermally cycled and constrained process ceramics. Evaluate CTE together with component size, temperature range, metal interfaces and installation clearance instead of relying only on maximum operating temperature.

A ceramic component intended for containment must be evaluated for connected porosity and actual leakage, not only density or material composition. Porous ceramics are useful for filtration and catalyst applications but should not be assumed suitable for gas-tight process boundaries.

High porosity does not guarantee high permeability. Fluid flow through porous ceramic also depends on pore size, throat size, connectivity, tortuosity, thickness and fouling. Use actual hydraulic data when pressure drop matters.

Open porosity is accessible to gas or liquid and influences water absorption, permeability and chemical penetration. Closed porosity remains isolated inside the ceramic. Two ceramics with similar total porosity can therefore behave very differently in service.