Use welded joints where permanent strength or sealing justifies hot work and reduced removability; use bolted joints where segmentation and maintenance matter, with fully specified preload, locking and gasket details.

Separate nominal, supplied, fabricated and retirement thickness; define the actual damage mechanism; and check every internal at its end-of-life section for both structural and hydraulic performance.

Define every recurring operating cycle, separate thermal and pressure cycling from high-frequency vibration, locate stress concentrations and verify fatigue life at the end-of-life section thickness

Prevent galvanic attack by mapping dissimilar-metal interfaces, selecting compatible joint materials, controlling area ratio, isolating only where mechanically and electrically acceptable, and eliminating wet hidden crevices.

Specify PMI by alloy, component, examination percentage, test method and acceptance criteria. Control traceability through cutting, fabrication and field repair, and investigate every mismatch before tower closure.